One of the most well known and successful fighter aircraft of World War 2 was the Messerschmidt Me 109. It was designed by Willy Messerschmidt and Robert Lusser at the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in the mid 1930's. This blog isn't about the 109, but its older brother the 108. The overall design inspiration for the 109 was the 108, although the 108 is 'beefier' in every way, except engine power and armament. (the 108 was un-armed) The 108 could seat 4 people, the 109 was a single seat fighter.
Bf 108 -
Bf 109 -
Brief and to the point, as always - from Wikipedia -
"Originally designated the M 37, the aircraft was designed as a four-seat sports/recreation aircraft for competition in the 4th Challenge International de Tourisme (1934). The M 37 prototype flew first in spring 1934 powered by a 250 PS (247 hp, 184 kW) Hirth HM 8U inverted-V engine, which drove a three-blade propeller.
Although it was outperformed by several other aircraft in the competition, the M 37's overall performance marked it as a popular choice for record flights. Particular among these traits was its extremely low fuel consumption rate, good handling, and superb takeoff and landing characteristics.
The Bf 108A first flew in 1934, followed by the Bf 108B in 1935. The Bf 108B used the Argus As 10 air-cooled inverted V8 engine. The nickname Taifun (German for "typhoon") was given to her own aircraft by Elly Beinhorn, a well known German pilot, and was generally adopted.
Here is a Youtube video of a still-flying Bf 108 -
My model of the Bf 108 is an Eduard 1/48 Bf 108B, militarized version, with a two bladed metal prop. It depicts NF-MS in service on the Russian front during the winter of 1942-43. It has been overpainted by a special white paint which, over the winter, washes off so that by the spring there isn't much left, like the snow. At some point it is handwashed off completely back to its original summer camouflage of a two-toned green 'splinter' pattern.
Here is a profile of what NF-MS looks like normally.
Here is a copy of a sheet of instructions from an Eduard kit -
When I built my kit, the decals for this scheme was not available, so I used spare decals I had in stock.
The yellow patches at the ends of the wings may or may not have been present, see profile above.
Here are three photos of my completed model on a dark background -
Academy 1/32 Sopwith F.1 'Camel' Below is a photo of a kit I started last autumn, it is of a Academy 1/32 scale Sopwith F.1, or as it was baptised, 'Camel' It was nick-named the 'Camel' because the two .303 calibre machine guns were covered over by a fairing which from the side looked like a hump. In WW1, there were many nick-names for aircraft, the Royal Aircraft Factories RE8 was called the 'Harry Tate' and the Bristol F2B was called the 'Brisfit' (misfit?'). The Camel had quite a reputation in that it killed and maimed almost as many pilots as it did enemies - it was a beast to take off and land due to design feature that the centre of gravity was located in the first six feet of the aircraft. It was designed this way - it was unstable in flight, which was a great asset in dogfighting - it was extremely manoeverable and could turn on a dime and give nine cents change. It was introduced in early 1917. I will be completing this kit as part of a Group Build on 'Aerscale', an online modelling forum. My input begins on page 2 of the 'Hangar Queen 6' Group Build' http://aeroscale.kitmaker.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=SquawkBox&file=index&req=viewtopic&topic_id=242855
Here is a Youtube video of a replica Camel in New Zealand. I think this camel was at least in part financed by Peter Jackson, the film director.
From Youtube - "The Vintage Aviator's Sopwith F.1 Camel is shown here during a display
at the Tauranga City Classics Of The Sky airshow held at Tauranga
Airport, New Zealand. Capably flown by Gene De Marco this aircraft
features an original 160hp Gnome rotary engine which is almost 100 years
old."
The Camel was flown by the Royal Flying Corps. The pilot with the most victories in a Camel was Major William Barker, VC. Major Barker was born in Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada in 1894. He received the Victoria Cross in 1918 and was, and still is,the most decorated serviceman of Canada and the British Commonwealth. His Camel, B6313 will be the subject of my model.
For all the brave men who flew with the Royal Flying Corps, and the Royal Naval Air Service (which were joined in 1918 to became the Royal Air Force) - the RAF/RCAF Marchpast -
Sunday, April 3, 2016
Junkers Ju 52 ' Tante Ju' Part 1
Take a trip aboard a magic ship - a vintage 1930's Junkers Ju 52 airliner in Gstaad Switzerland - - -
In Europe in the 1930's you might have seen a poster like this advertising Lufthansa, Germany's largest airline. They flew many different aircraft but the most famous and easily recognizable was the Junkers Ju 52.
The Ju 52 first flew in 1931, and was manufactured in license until 1952. It was tough and reliable. It was used to carry freight and or passengers from the vjords of Norway and the Canadian northland, to the tropical islands of the south Pacific.
It was powered by three engines giving potential passengers in the early days of civil aviation confidence that even if one engine failed, they could still safely arrive at their destination in one piece.
It was the main axis transport aircraft during World War 2 and gained the nickname of 'Tante Ju' or 'Auntie Ju' It was also called 'Iron Annie' and the 'flying boxcar'..
Here is a picture of its tough corrugated aluminum skin.
At left is a picture of the passenger cabin - here the interior finish is absent showing the structural members. In wartime service this is what it would have looked like.
Ju 52 interior as used as an air ambulance.
Here is one last video of a 1936 Lufthansa Junkers Ju 52 D-AQUI over Hamburg Airport, in 2015.
Friday, April 1, 2016
Nieuport 11 'BeBe'
The Nieuport 11 C.1 was a WW1 biplane fighter designed by Gustave Delage. It was derived from a pre-war racing plane design, the Nieuport 10. The Nieuport 11 was nicknamed 'BeBe' partly because it was quite small, and because its official designation was 'BB' The first 'B' was Nieuport's designation as a biplane, and the the second 'B' was a designation by the French military for a single seat fighter. It was introduced to service in January 1916.
The Nieuport BeBe was a 'sesquiplane' design, meaning that the lower wing was narrower than the upper. It was quite nimble and agile. Its armament was a single machine gun mounted on the top wing. Early models required the pilot to stand up in the cockpit to change the ammunition boxes. Later designs had a rail upon which the the gun could be slid down closer to the cockpit to make changing the ammo easier.
The Nieuport 11's construction was of a wood framework covered with clear doped linen (CDL). It gave the aircraft a light yellow-ish colour. It's engine was a Le Rhone rotary engine rated at 80 HP, giving it a top speed of around 90 mph. Below is a chart giving its specs.
Below is a period photograph of the cockpit area of the aircraft. The seat was made of plywood.
My model of a Nieuport 11 C.1 is an Eduard 1/48 kit. It is marked in the colours of a French aircraft as flown by Jean de Sieyes de Veynes. Unfortunately for him, on July 3. 1916, he and his Nieuport were captured by the Germans. Below are two photos of it 'in captivity' and of my model as viewed from roughly the same point. I tried to portray my model as close as possible to the real aircraft. Upon examining photos of de Veynes aircraft, I noticed that it's paint job was incomplete. Two possible explanations are below the photographs.
Here is a photo of model for comparison - note that the landing gear wheels are different colours - the left one (port) is light (CDL?) and the right (starboard) one is dark (marron in french, or maroon in english?)
Below is a photo of my model.
Notice that the blue-grey striping down the upper edge of the ear part of the fuselage is missing on the left (port) side.
More model photos -
The last photo of the model shows the bottom of the model as reflected in a mirror.
So, why the inconsistencies? Apparently Nieuport 11's were delivered to the front in a Clear Doped Linen (CDL) finish. At the front, or at a repair depot, the aircraft could be re-finished as required. In this case it was finished in a dark-red-brown colour which was officially called 'marron', and dark green. So two theories are possible as to the painting consistencies. One that the aircraft was damaged and one wheel hadn't been painted yet, as well as the stripe on the fuselage. The second is that the aircraft had just arrived at the front, and so the painting as not finished yet.. The official records are inconclusive as to which is right.
Below, an original Nieuport 11 C.1 at an aviation Museum in Paris. Note the delicate wood frame construction. The 'skin' of the aircraft was of doped linen fabric. The dope tightened the fabric and made it waterproof. The forward part of the fuselage had wood components with some some metal.\ fittings and parts.
As noted above, the Nieuport 11 was powered by a Le Rhone 80 HP rotary engine. below is a short video of such an engine being run on a test stand. This type of engine turning at about 1000 RPM spinning an 7 or 8 foot long propeller were quite efficient.
In
this video, taken at an airshow, a Pfalz D.III makes an appearance at
about the 1 minute 30 second mark.. As part of the show, the Nieuport
attacks it and causes damage. In reality, by the time the Pfalz D.III was in service, most, if not all Nieuport 11's had been withdrawn from the front. The Pfalz D.III will be a subject for a future post.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
de Havilland DH 82 Tiger Moth
My model of a de havilland Tiger Moth is built from a Revell-Germany 1/32 kit. The model is not of a real aeroplane, but is a fictional aircraft. Floats have been attached to this aircraft so that it can take off and land on water. My 'back-story' for this fictional aircraft is that it is owned by a fishing lodge owner who uses it at his lodge for recreational flights over the lodge property and over the adjoining lakes, rivers and forests. The registration code (CF-HGO) is also somewhat fictional- it was the code temporarily assigned to the film company who made the film "Captains of the Clouds" in 1940. CF-HGO was the code of protagonists Noorduyn Norseman bushplane - so this is a nod to that aircraft. The rigging of the float rudders was very complex, and so I've attached a photo or two to try to show this. The front cockpit is covered over by a removable waterproof shroud, and the pilot flies the aircraft from the rear cockpit.
Many de Havilland Tiger Moths were made in Canada by de Havilland Canada during WW2. They were used as primary trainers by the British Commonwealth AirTraining Plan (BCATP) Many Canadian towns and cities had flight schools located in or near them. DHCanada DH 82C Tiger Moths were slightly different from Moths made overseas, for one, the wing struts were of metal, not wood as were the English craft, also Canadian Moths often had canopies attached to them, and the engine exhaust pipe had a heat exchanger attached in order to warm the draughty cockpits. The de Havilland Canada Tiger Moths were labeled as DH 82C's while the English Moths were DH 82 A's. My Tiger Moth is a DH 82C with its cockpit canopy removed for warm weather operation.
From the You Tube video, 'How to fly a Tiger Moth' (see at bottom of this post, the first of the two videos) The de Havilland DH 82 Tiger Moth was a 1930s biplane designed by de
Havilland and operated by the Royal Air Force and others as a primary
trainer. The Tiger Moth remained in service with the RAF until 1952 when
many of the surplus aircraft entered civil operation. Many other
nations used the Tiger Moth both in military and civil applications and
the ubiquitous little trainer still is in great demand worldwide as a
recreational aircraft.
Design and development The Tiger Moth
trainer prototype was derived from the de Havilland Gipsy Moth (DH 60).
The main change to the DH Moth series was necessitated by an effort to
improve access to the front cockpit since the training requirement
specified that the front seat occupant had to be able to escape easily,
even wearing a parachute. Access to the front cockpit of the Moth
predecessors was restricted by the proximity of the aircraft's fuel tank
directly above the front cockpit and the rear support struts for the
upper wing. The solution adopted was to shift the upper wing forward but
sweep the wings back to maintain the centre of lift. Other changes
included a strengthened structure, fold-down doors on both sides of the
cockpit and a revised exhaust. It was powered by a de Havilland Gipsy
III 120 hp engine and first flew on 26 October 1931 with de Havilland
Chief Test Pilot Hubert Broad at the controls.[4] One distinctive
characteristic of the Tiger Moth design is its differential aileron
control setup. The ailerons (on the lower wing only) on a Tiger Moth
barely travel down at all on the wing on the outside of the turn, while
the aileron on the inside travels a large amount upwards... this is one
of the ways the problem of adverse yaw can be counteracted in an
aircraft's control design.
From the outset, the Tiger Moth proved
to be an ideal trainer, simple and cheap to own and maintain, although
control movements required a positive and sure hand as there was a
slowness to control inputs. Some instructors preferred these flight
characteristics because of the effect of "weeding" out the inept student
pilot
General characteristics Crew: 2, student & instructor Length: 23 ft 11 in (7.34 m) Wingspan: 29 ft 4 in (8.94 m) Height: 8 ft 9 in (2.68 m) Wing area: 239 ft² (22.2 m²) Empty weight: 1,115 lb (506 kg) Loaded weight: 1,825 lb (828 kg) Powerplant: 1× de Havilland Gipsy Major I inverted 4-cylinder inline , 130 hp (100 kW) Performance Maximum speed: 109 mph at 1,000 ft (175 km/h at 300 m) Range: 302 miles (486 km) Service ceiling: 13,600 ft (4,145 m) Rate of climb: 673 ft/min (205 m/min) Three photos of de Havilland Tiger Moths
from the 'Vintage Wings' website
Be sure to check out these two great videos from You Tube -
from Wikipedia (and I choose Wikipedia because it is always to the point)..
"The Stinson Reliant was a popular single-engine four to five seat high-wing monoplane manufactured by the Stinson Aircraft Division of the Aviation Manufacturing Corporation of Wayne, Michigan.
1,327 Reliants of all types were made from 1933 to 1941, in different models, from SR-1 to SR-10. The final commercial model, the Stinson Reliant SR-10, was introduced in 1938. A militarized version was first flown in February 1942 and remained in production through several additional versions (all externally identical) until late 1943 for the US and British armed forces.
Reliant production can be broken into two distinct types - the straight wing Reliants (all models up to SR-6) and the gull wing Reliants (all models from SR-7 and after including the militarized V-77/AT-19) with there being little in common between the two groups of types. The straight wing Reliant had a wing of constant chord and thickness which was supported by two struts each side with additional bracing struts. In contrast the taper wing Reliant had the broadest chord and thickness of the wing at mid span, with the outer wing trailing edge heavily angled forward and a rounded cutout on the leading edge root, all supported by a single strut. The taper wing had a significant step up between the fuselage and the wing, and the changes in wing thickness gave it a distinct gull appearance from the front."
Here is a photo of one of the straight-winged Reliants, an SR-5a.
Here are two photos of the 'Gullwing' version...
And a photo of the luxurious interior
...
The model I made is vintage AMT 1/48 scale Stinson Reliant SR-9 of the 'Gullwing' series. The model kit was very old (mid 1970's) so the decals provided were dried out and useless. At the time of building the kit, a 'What-if' group build was taking place on Aeroscale. I don't do many 'What-if' models, but I joined the group and marked my Reliant as a 1930's aircraft as used by the German Air Force, 'as-if', WW1 had ended early in the war after the so-called Christmas Truce of 1915. Furthermore,'as-if' Nazism never had existed (hence no swastikas). I used spare decals from my stock of WW1 German decals and added typical pin-striping of the 'Golden Age' of aviation, plus red wing trailing edge highlights - more typical of WW1 biplanes. The 'Iron Cross', or Eisencreuz, markings were those as used in WW1 up until the spring of 1918.
Below are some photos I took during the building of the model...
here is a link to video, on Youtube, of a real Stinson Reliant (I haven't figured how to make this link 'work', so for now just copy and paste into your browser.) The Reliant was a people mover - pilot plus 3 or 4 passengers in comfort.
This is a video of a four passenger model SR-8 with a 245 HP Lycoming 9 cylinder radial engine.